HrvatskiOpportunities for Forest Bathing and Forest Therapy as Innovative Practices within Sustainable Health Tourism Development in Croatia
1 Aleksandar Racz
2 Andrea Armano
3 Vanja Vasiljev
4 Darko Vukelić
5 Ljerka Armano
1 University of Applied Health Sciences, Zagreb
Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Rijeka,
Croatia
2 Aspira University of Applied Sciences, Split, Croatia
3 Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Croatia
4 Secondary school in Delnice, Croatia
5 UHC Sisters of Mercy, Zagreb, Croatia
Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Croatia
Abstract
With the Strategy for Sustainable Tourism Development by 2030 and other strategic planning documents, Croatia has committed itself to transforming its tourism industry based on sustainability principles as a fundamental development concept. In this context, health tourism development should be based on potential such as natural resources, diverse natural wealth, ecological quality of the environment, and natural healing factors. This opens room for expanding health tourism offerings, especially wellness tourism, by introducing the practice known in Japan as Shinrin-yoku or “forest bathing” or “breathing in the atmosphere of the forest” with the dual aim of providing an eco-antidote to tech boom burnout and inspiring residents to reconnect with and protect the country’s forests. Forest bathing means spending time in nature, especially in areas with trees, as a sensory immersion for physiological and psychological health. Forest bathing aims to live in the present moment as you immerse your senses in the sights and sounds of a natural environment. Forest therapy is more healing-oriented than forest bathing, as it aims to heal specific health issues in individuals and can be structured by a forest therapy guide, like the role of a forest medicine ractitioner. Forest therapy is more purpose-driven than forest bathing, although both aim to improve health and well-being. The main components of forest therapy include walks,
experiencing the forest with the five senses (sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste), forest visits, forest meditation, Qi Gong, aromatherapy, herbal tea therapy, and crafting with natural materials as part of art therapy.Several studies have confirmed the forest’s physiological and psychological effects on health. Physiological effects include improvements in blood pressure, heart rate, and heart rate variability, cortisol levels, pain relief,and respiratory function. Psychologically, depression, anxiety, quality of life, mood, and cognitive function
improve.The potential for developing and implementing forest bathing and forest therapy as innovative practices in the context of sustainable health tourism in Croatia is considerable. With more than half of its territory covered by forests, Croatia has a unique natural environment that can be utilized for the well-being of its inhabitants and visitors. Integrating forest bathing and forest therapy into the country’s health tourism offers several opportunities and benefits. Introducing forest bathing and therapy as unique offerings can attract health-conscious tourists seeking alternative, holistic experiences.Croatia can market these practices as a specialty of its health tourism, attracting environmentally conscious travelers. Croatia can boost its economy by integrating forest bathing and forest therapy into health tourism. These practices can create new employment opportunities, such as certified guides and therapists, and stimulate local businesses that cater to the needs of tourists. By promoting activities in the forest, Croatia can raise awareness of the importance of environmental
protection. Participants in forest baths and therapies will likely develop a deeper appreciation for nature and a sense of responsibility for preserving natural habitats. Investment in research and development related to forest bathing and treatment can lead to innovative approaches, tailored programs, and improved participant experiences. Collaboration between academia, healthcare professionals, and the tourism sector can drive advancements in this field. Involving local communities in developing and implementing forest bathing and therapy initiatives can create a sense of prideand ownership. Community participation can enhance the authenticity of these practices, making them more appealing to tourists.